The layout: form, subtotals and totals

Design

Design (in the Source bar) lays the pivot out: the Compact form nests the row fields in one column, Outline gives each a column with an item on its own line, Tabular names an item on the line of its first item.

There too: Repeat item labels, a Blank line after each item, Banded rows and Banded columns, each grand total, the buttons that open and close, the field names, and what an empty and an error cell show. None of it reads the records again.

Subtotals and items

• Subtotals… on a row or column field: Automatic (at the top or the bottom of each group), None, or By functions — a line for each function, each computed from the records under the item.
• Show items with no data (in a row or column field's menu) lists every item the field has in the source under every item above it, with empty cells where the pivot's filters left no record. No total changes. A field narrowed by a value filter lists none.
• An item's label opens Expand to a field — that field is put under the item's, and the other items stay closed.